Disclaimer: The following blog is a suggestion from the Account Abstraction team. Content may not imply a consensus view, and EF is a broad organization that includes a healthy diversity of opinions across the protocol and beyond, and together they strengthen Ethereum.
Since Ethereum’s early days, the promise of a global, permissionless, and censorship-resistant computing platform has always been bold. Today, that promise is more alive than ever. Ethereum has scaled through rollups, where block space is abundant and transactions are cheap. The current issue is not just throughput. Seamless user experience Beyond the multi-chain horizon.
All L2 Felt like a single unified Ethereum?
There are no bridges to think about, no chain names to recognize, and no fragmented balances or assets.
that’s our vision Ethereum Interoperability Layer (EIL): Making Ethereum feel like one chain again, while maintaining the decentralized foundation with minimal trust that we all value.
EIL makes Ethereum rollups feel like a single unified chain by allowing users to sign cross-chain transactions once without adding new trust assumptions. Built on ERC-4337 account abstractions and principles. Trustless declarationusers themselves initiate and settle cross-L2 actions directly from their wallets, without going through relayers or solvers. EIL maintains Ethereum’s core guarantees of self-custody, censorship resistance, disintermediation, and verifiable on-chain execution. This new account-based interoperability layer unifies Ethereum’s fragmented L2 ecosystem under Ethereum’s unique security model.
Problem: Massive fragmentation
L2 chains have provided dramatic improvements in throughput and cost efficiency. However, they introduced a new kind of complexity for users and wallets.
- What chain is my token on?
- How do I move tokens to Arbitrum → Base → Scroll → Linea?
- Should I trust a third-party bridge or relayer?
- Will my wallet or dapp need to manually integrate every new chain?
From the user’s perspective, the results are less Ethereum And so on Multiple individual Ethereum. You’re not just transacting, you’re managing the chain. This introduces friction, cognitive overhead, and often exposes bridges, intermediaries, solvers, etc. to additional trust assumptions, along with increased censorship risk.
Vision: Many L2, One Ethereum
Imagine instead:
Open your wallet, select your assets and address, send.
The wallet knows behind the scenes what chain it is on and how to distribute the assets.
Mint NFTs, move tokens, and trade assets. And it doesn’t matter which rollup you or your trading partners use or where your dapp is deployed.
A new network joins the ecosystem and your wallet just works There are no custom integrations or dependencies on off-chain operators.
That is EIL. it’s about Wallet-centered multi-chain UX: Wallets will become a universal window into the Ethereum ecosystem, making the network feel like one seamless experience rather than a patchwork of islands.
In a sense, EIL is to Ethereum what HTTP was to the early internet.
Before HTTP, users could connect to individual servers but could not seamlessly combine them into a single flow.
HTTP unified the experience and made it easier for browsers to traverse servers.
EIL aims to do the same with the Ethereum rollup, bringing Ethereum into the “web age” where wallets function like browsers and users can move freely between L2s without friction.
What you need: Assumption and maintenance of trust.
Uniformity in UX is appealing, but only if it doesn’t compromise Ethereum’s core values.
- self-custody: Users hold their own assets and initiate trades on their own.
- Resistance to censorship: Intermediaries cannot block or delay your transactions.
- privacy: You don’t need to reveal your IP address or intent to relayers or solvers.
- Verifiability: Important logic can be checked in on-chain or open-source wallet code.
The EIL was designed according to the following: unreliable manifest. Move logic on-chain and into users’ wallets, eliminating dependence on intermediaries and opaque server logic. Users transact directly on all chains. Trustless liquidity providers provide funds but do not interact directly with users or confirm their trades.
Instead of “I trust the bridge operator to transfer funds,” it becomes “My wallet and contract will do it for you – under verifiable rules.”
Trust boundaries remain minimal.
Ethereum is about disintermediation – so should interoperability
Ethereum’s great innovation is replacing intermediaries with verifiable code.
Cryptocurrencies used to rely on centralized exchanges (CEXs) until Ethereum enabled decentralized exchanges (DEXs). There is no need to trust an administrator, no counterparty risk, just a verified smart contract. DeFi has changed the world by providing an intermediary-free alternative to TradFi.
Cross-L2 interop is still similar to CEX modelwith bridge operators, relayers, solvers, and opaque off-chain infrastructure.
Transactions between L2 Should be as trustless as using a DEX.
EIL moves logic on-chain and into users’ wallets, eliminating dependence on intermediaries and opaque server logic. Users transact directly on all chains. Trustless liquidity providers provide funds but do not interact directly with users or confirm their trades.
What it looks like from the user’s perspective
-
cross-chain transfer — Alice has USDC in Arbitrum and Bob in Base.
With one click, her wallet performs the transfer to Bob’s base address. From Alice’s perspective: “Please send USDC to Bob.” — she doesn’t care what network it happened on. -
cross chain mint — Alice holds ETH in Arbitrum and Scroll. She wants to mint NFTs with Linea.
Her wallet automatically consolidates balances and transparently handles the movement of gas and assets between chains. One click, one signature. -
cross chain swap — Alice notices increased token liquidity on the Optimism DEX.
She exchanges from Arbitrum, her wallet processes the pass, and she eventually returns to Arbitrum with the new tokens. No bridges or manual steps required.
For users: “Send, mint, exchange, I just do what I want.”
Here’s what happens behind the scenes: “Wallet + on-chain protocols perform transactions across chains; no new trust requirements are needed.”
Why this matters to the ecosystem
As interoperability increases, Wallet level functionality Instead of app-by-app integrations, the entire ecosystem evolves.
- Wallets and dapps will be multichain native by default.
- New rollups are automatically compatible to accelerate adoption.
- Developers can focus on building great experiences without worrying about cross-chain connections.
- Users regain the simplicity of Ethereum. One wallet, one signature, many chains – one experience.
- Most importantly, Ethereum’s minimal trust model will remain intact without new intermediaries.
This brings us closer to our original promise: a global, open, seamless, trustless world of computers.
conclusion
Ethereum is already scaling up. What is behind is feeling of unity.
of Ethereum interoperability layer This is the next step towards that integration. The wallet becomes a portal, and every rollup feels like a native extension of Ethereum, rather than a separate silo.
We invite wallet teams, DAPP builders, network designers, and the broader ecosystem to join this effort.
Together we will not only make Ethereum scalable; seamlessly singular.
Let’s make Ethereum feel like one chain again.
